Essay - Bridge Between Worlds in Virginia Woolfs To The Lighthouse :: To The Lighthouse Essays

To the Lighthouse - Bridge Between Worlds Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse illustrates a bridge between the worlds of the Victorian mother and the modern, potentially independent woman. The Victorian woman was to be absorbed, as Mrs. Ramsay is, by the task of being mother and wife. Her reason for existing was to complete the man, rather than to exist in her own right. Mrs. Ramsay certainly sees this role for herself and is disturbed when she feels, momentarily, that she is better than her husband because he needs her support to feel good about himself and the life choices he has made. Yet the end of the Victorian era saw the rise of women's rights and greater freedom for women to excel without men or children. Adrienne Rich, in Of Woman Born, says that To the Lighthouse is about Virginia Woolf's need to understand her own mother and to prove, through the character of Lily Briscoe, that a woman can be "independent of men, as Mrs. Ramsay is not" (Rich, p. 228). The trauma of this transition from Victorian to modern woman is portended by Mrs. Ramsay herself, at the beginning of the story. In the first chapter, as Mrs. Ramsay defends Charles Tansley against the criticisms of her children, she muses on her desire to protect men and the "trustful, childlike, reverential" attitude that her protection inspires in men. "Woe betide the girl. . . who did not feel the worth of it, and all that it implied, to the marrow of her bones!" she exclaims to herself, thinking of the way men respect and admire her. But Woolf shows us that as Mrs. Ramsay admonishes her children for ridiculing Charles Tansley, her daughters "could sport with infidel ideas which they had brewed for themselves of a life different from hers. . . not always taking care of some man or other." The issue of the change from one concept of womanhood to another is not as simple as the newer generation revolting against the older; at the same time that Mrs. Ramsay's daughters hope to be different, they admire and worship their mother for her beauty and power. Prue, the eldest daughter, proudly watches Mrs. Ramsay as she descends the staircase and feels "what an extraordinary stroke of fortune it was for her [Prue], to have her [Mrs.

Finance in International Markets Essay

Describe the tradeoffs that are involved for each method (such as exporting, direct foreign investment, etc. ) that Snyder could use to achieve its goal. ANSWER: Snyder can export the clubs, but the transportation expenses may be high. If could establish a subsidiary in Brazil to produce and sell the clubs, but this may require a large investment of funds. It could use licensing, in which it specifies to a Brazilian firm how to produce the clubs. In this way, it does not have to establish its own subsidiary there. b. Which method would you recommend for this firm? Justify your recommendation. ANSWER: If the amount of golf clubs to be sold in Brazil is small, it may decide to export. However, if the expected sales level is high, it may benefit from licensing. If it is confident that the expected sales level will remain high, it may be willing to establish a subsidiary. The wages are lower in Brazil, and the large investment needed to establish a subsidiary may be worthwhile. 15. Impact of Political Risk. Explain why political risk may discourage international business. Some foreign projects would have been feasible if there was no political risk, but will not be feasible because of political risk. 17. International Joint Venture. Anheuser-Busch, the producer of Budweiser and other beers, has recently expanded into Japan by engaging in a joint venture with Kirin Brewery, the largest brewery in Japan. The joint venture enables Anheuser-Busch to have its beer distributed through Kirin’s distribution channels in Japan. In addition, it can utilize Kirin’s facilities to produce beer that will be sold locally. In return, Anheuser-Busch provides information about the American beer market to Kirin. . Explain how the joint venture can enable Anheuser-Busch to achieve its objective of maximizing shareholder wealth. ANSWER: The joint venture creates a way for Anheuser-Busch to distribute Budweiser throughout Japan. It enables Anheuser-Busch to penetrate the Japanese market without requiring a substantial investment in Japan. b. Explain how the jo int venture can limit the risk of the international business. ANSWER: The joint venture has limited risk because Anheuser-Busch does not need to establish its own distribution network in Japan. Thus, Anheuser-Busch may be able to use a smaller investment for the international business, and there is a higher probability that the international business will be successful. c. Many international joint ventures are intended to circumvent barriers that normally prevent foreign competition. What barrier in Japan is Anheuser-Busch circumventing as a result of the joint venture? What barrier in the United States is Kirin circumventing as a result of the joint venture? ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch is able to benefit from Kirin’s distribution system in Japan, which would not normally be so accessible. Kirin is able to learn more about how Anheuser-Busch expanded its product across numerous countries, and therefore breaks through an â€Å"information† barrier. d. Explain how Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share in countries outside Japan as a result of this particular joint venture. ANSWER: Anheuser-Busch could lose some of its market share to Kirin as a result of explaining its worldwide expansion strategies to Kirin. However, it appears that Anheuser-Busch expects the potential benefits of the joint venture to outweigh any potential adverse effects.

Gellner - 1133 Words

Ernest Gellner Ernest Gellner is widely seen as one of the most important theorists in the study of nationalism. Gellner was introduced to nationalism and identity politics during his youth. As a Jewish Czech, Gellner was forced to leave his home in 1939, fleeing Prague for England in the wake of Hitler’s takeover of Czechoslovakia. Upon his return to Prague after the war, he found a much changed city that had lost most of its multiculturalism. Not feeling at home, Gellner went back to England to pursue an academic career. From his experience as an ‘outsider’, he develops his first thoughts on identity politics and nationalism. For Gellner, nationalism is the imposition of a high culture on society replacing local, low cultures and†¦show more content†¦Yet, there is an argument to be made that the structure of Chinese society remains largely familial and rural. As well, the increasing income gap between the average Chinese citizen and members of the elite class ha s led some to question whether Chinese society is returning to a pseudo-feudalistic structure. Thus, despite Gellner’s belief that the social makeup of an agrarian society is incompatible with an industrial society, is it possible that China manages to successfully incorporate elements of both? Summary: This is Gellners classic modernization argument explaining the origin of nations. The author argues that nations are completely modern constructions borne of nationalism which is primarily a political principle, which holds that the political and national unit should be congruent (1). Nations were the result of pressures created by the demands of the industrial revolution. As soon as people from widely different backgrounds began to converge on cities, it was necessary to create some form of common identity for them. Perhaps more importantly, the demands of capitalism, specifically the need for constant retraining, demanded that there be a common language among workers. These demands were met by creating a common past, common culture (created by turning low folk cultures into high state cultures) and requiring a common language. With these commonShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft Is The Existence Of Magic That Is Manipulated For Both Good And Wicked Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesb ecause of the harmful and malicious practices [witches] hold within these societies. The Tibetan and Kathmandu hold remarkably similar beliefs about witchcraft such as, â€Å"Women inherit witchery, and is executed though emotional traits and the mind† (Gellner, 1994; Levine, 1982). Next, these societies have formed beliefs about witches based on noted practices and stories of witchcraft. To include, another major factor that the Tibetan and Kathmandu believe about witchcraft is the deviance and darknessRead MoreA Nation Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesformation of a nation as it shows the solidarity shared by the society. Even though the above argument show the formation of social ties between groups, it did not mention how solidarity is being maintained. Gellner try to fill in this gap by introducing the concept of will and consent (Gellner, 1983: 53). The importance of this concept could be illustrated with the following illustration. A man is made to feel as though he has a choice in deciding his affiliation to a community. The question on whyRead MoreDesire to Retire: Increasing Age Diversity in the Workplace1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdecision or change processes because their supervisors expect that their remaining career will not be long enough to warrant participation (Schermuly et al., 2014). This reinforces the negative stereotype that older workers are less productive (Backes-Gellner Veen, 2013). Age Discrimination Policies Discriminating policies can affect the hiring process when older workers do not receive equal opportunity to participate in human development activities (Schermuly, Schroder, Nachtwei, Kauffeld, Glas, 2012)Read MoreThe Role Of Industrialisation, The Modern State And Ethnicity1627 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlined will be illustrated through the real world cases of Britain and the Kurds. In the study of nationalism, one of the major schools of thought is the Modernist one, represented by scholars such as Michael Mann, John Breuilly and of course Ernest Gellner. As their name suggests, modernists adamantly claim that nationalism is something that is entirely a feature of modern society. More specifically, modernism argues that nationalism emerged with the birth of the modern nation-state, which is to sayRead MoreReview of Warwick Debates on Nationalism2396 Words   |  10 Pagesis the complete denial of the role ethnic ties and cultural sentiments in nationalism. In an intellectually thrilling contrast, Ernest Gellner responds to Smith’s idea of a pre-modern nationalism by posing the question, â€Å"do nations have navels?† This question literally attempts to find the source of creation of a nation, or ‘do nations have a creator(s)?’ Gellner strongly establishes that nationalism gave birth to nations, and not vice versa. And nationalism itself does not have an intended creatorRead MoreNationalism And Its Impact On Society998 Words   |  4 Pagesuntil it encompasses the whole society. What makes each of the following modernist theorists distinct is their contribution to this picture. Deutsch introduced the idea of nationalism as a process; Anderson introduced the importance of print media; Gellner described the role of industrial society and mass education; and Hobsbawm showed how traditions, once invented, perpetuate nationalism. The issue with these theorists is that they assume perfect homogeneity and that nati onalism suddenly manifestedRead MoreCaste System And Social Inequality1156 Words   |  5 Pagesgets richer. In Nepal, the caste system appeared in the ancient era. Sanskrit scripture describes that the caste system has been in practice through ‘Second millennium BC’ (Gellner, D. N. 2007) that divides the social groups based on Hinduism and feudalism. Caste system was prevailing until 1950. Later on, back in 1962 (Gellner, D. N. 2007) in Nepal, the Government officially declared caste system as outdated and illegal. Because of the Hindu subjugated law until 1990 it was vigorous in the societyRead MoreDiversity Promotes A Higher Potential Of Success For A Company Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesTogether they will comprise of a team with different perspectives and interpretations of ideas. These factors contribute to the knowledge pool of the workforce which in return have a direct effect on their abilities to problem solve. In Uschi Backes-Gellner and Stephan Veen’s research on the effects of age diversity, he discusses diversity’s costs and benefits depending on the tasks of companies. A variety of ages is particularly important when applied to companies that rely on innovative rather thanRead MoreEvidence Of Current Nationalism Trends1492 Words   |  6 Pagesin a more realistic approach glorifying the state as a prominent actor especially when engaging in war or conflict. However, with globalisation the era of war under state glorification and state identity seems rather forgotten and pre-historical. Gellner (1994) assess the loss of nation sentiment and loyalty through the exploration of industrial revolution, highlighting that citizens are uprooted and thrown together in an unfamiliar surrounding forcing them to lose any state constructed identitiesRead MoreNazism as an Extension of Nationalism Essay870 Words   |  4 Pagesthey had Israel. A cultural group can be considered a nation, and historically, some ideas such as Zionism, Communism and Trotskyism were considered nations. According to Gellner: Nationalism is a political principle which maintains that similarity of culture is the basic social bond. (p.3 Gellner, 1997) This idea of belonging to a nation creates a unified group, and in some cases, the sense of the individual can be lost. Nationalism has been a major driving force

Intelligence Testing for Special Education

Individualized intelligence tests are usually part of the battery of tests a school psychologist will use to evaluate students when referred for evaluation. Intelligence Testing The two most commonly used are the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and the Stanford-Binet. For many years the WISC has been considered the most valid measure of intelligence because it had both language and symbol based items and performance-based items. The WISC also provided diagnostic information, because the verbal part of the test could be compared to the performance items, to show a disparity between language and spatial intelligence. The Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, originally the Binet-Simon Test, was designed to identify students with cognitive disabilities. The scales focus on language narrowed the definition of intelligence, which has been to some extent broadened in the most recent form, the SB5. Both the Stanford-Binet and WISC are normed, comparing samples from each age group. In both cases, we have seen intelligence scores going up.  Research shows the mean increasing somewhere between 3 and 5 percent a decade.  Ã‚  It is believed the fact that the way instruction is mediated is directly related to how intelligence is measured.  We dont necessarily teach to the test so much as structure information that way the test scores.  It also means that children with severe apraxia or language difficulties because of autism may score very poorly on the Standford-Binet because of its focus on language.  They may have intellectually disabled or retarded in their diagnosis, whereas, in reality, they may really be Intellectually different, since their intelligence is not truly being evaluated. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, or RAIS, takes 35 minutes to administer and covers 2 verbal intelligence indexes, 2 non-verbal indexes and a comprehensive intelligence index, which measures reasoning ability and the ability to learn, among other cognitive skills. Best Known Intelligence Test The best-known product of Intelligence testing is the IQ, or Intelligence Quotient. An IQ score of 100 is meant to reflect the average (mean) score for children the same age as the child being tested. A score over 100 implies better than average intelligence, and scores below 100 (actually, 90) implies some level of cognitive difference. Group Tests Group Tests prefer to bill themselves as ability rather than intelligence tests and are usually used to identify children for gifted programs.  These are generally used for screening to identify children with either high or low intelligence.  Children who are identified for gifted programs or IEPs are often re-tested with an individual test, either the WISC or Standford Binet intelligence tests, to have a clearer picture of a childs challenges or gifts.   The CogAT or Cognitive Abilities Test consists of several sessions, from 30 minutes (kindergarten) to 60 minutes (higher levels.) The MAB or Multidimensional Aptitude Battery consists of 10 subtests scores and can be grouped in verbal and performance areas. The MAB can be administered to individuals, groups, or on the computer. It yields standard scores, percentiles or IQs. With the emphasis on state assessments and achievement, few districts are regularly administering group tests. Psychologists usually prefer one of the individual tests of intelligence to identify children for special education services.

Achievement Gaps, Access, Quality And Floridas Vpk Program

Achievement Gaps, Access, Quality and Florida’s VPK Program Achievement Gaps Each year in the United States four million eager young children walk into a kindergarten classroom with big hopes and dreams of success both academically and socially (U.S. DOE, 2015). But the stark reality facing many of these children is that they are several steps behind their classmates on the journey to success. Even as early as the first grade, 30% - 50% of the black-white achievement gap is already present. (Mead, 2012). Similar size gaps also exist when considering socio-economic levels. â€Å"Before even entering kindergarten, the average cognitive score of children in the highest SES group are 60% above the scores of the lowest SES group† (Mead, 2012). These children are beginning their journey without the reading, math and social–emotional skills necessary for their success. The â€Å"average math achievement is 21% lower for black than for whites, and 19% lower for Hisp anics† (Mead, 2012). These gaps are looming large in the lives of young children. Access/Quality â€Å"Research shows that young children’s earliest learning experiences can have powerful long-term effects on their cognitive and emotional development, school achievement, and later life outcomes† (Mead, 2012). The literature reveals that a strong collection of research exists that indicates children who attend high-quality preschool programs have better health, social-emotional, and cognitive outcomes than those who do not

Accounting and Financial Reporting-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Clarify the relationship between the various components of the AASB/IASB conceptual framework. Answer: Introduction: This report briefs the user about the objectives, characteristics, financial statement elements and measurement of financial statement elements. In this report AASB/IASB conceptual framework has been concerned to perform this study. AASB/IASB relationship: AASB/IASB is an accounting board which briefs the professionals about the preparation of financial statement and also depict that how must the financial statement must be presented. Map: Explanation: The above map depict about the objectives, characteristics, financial statement elements and measurement of financial statement elements. In this report, objectives of general purpose financial reporting, qualitative characteristics of financial information, elements of financial statements and recognition and measurement of financial statement elements have been studied. While conducting this research, IASB and AASB framework has been considered. Objective of general purpose financial reporting: General purpose financial reporting has come into consideration to provide financial reporting and presentation standards to the professionals as the professionals were using their own standards and knowledge to prepare and present the final financial statement. More, the objective of this is to make decisions about the financial statement in a better manner by the internal and external stakeholder of the company. More, it becomes easy to the stakeholder to collect the information (Kothari, Ramanna Skinner, 2010). Thus it could be said that the main objective of the company is to offer financial information in a good manner to the stakeholders. Qualitative characteristics of financial information: This concept of IASB and FASB depict about the Relevance of the financial statement, Materiality concept which depict that irrelevant information must not be shown in the final statements, faithful representation depict that the statements must be faithful and relevant for the stakeholders, comparability describe about the competence of the final statements, verifiability depict that the statements must be verified and must offer the true knowledge and information about the company (Schrand Zechman, 2012). Elements of financial statements: Financial statements are essential for every public limited company to manage to offer a true, faithful and relevant information to the stakeholders. Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Income, Performance, Expenses, Capital maintenance adjustments etc are the main elements of the company which must be described and presented into the final statements of the company. It depict about the true information of the company and a better decision could be made by the internal and external stakeholders through it (Bohusova Nerudova, 2009). Recognition and measurement of financial statement elements: It is required by the company to recognize and measure the following elements and concept of the company to make a better final financial statement so that the true information of the company get by the internal and external stakeholders and a better decision could be made by the internal and external stakeholders through it (Deegan, 2012). Probability of future economic benefits must be measured in a proper manner, measurements must be reliable, assets must be recognized in a proper manner, liabilities must be recognized in a proper manner, income must be recognized in a proper manner, expenses must be recognized in a proper manner, historical cost measurement must be done in a proper manner etc. Conclusion: Thus through this study, it could be concluded that the statements must be prepared in such a manner that a better decision could be made by the stakeholders of the company References: Bohusova, H., Nerudova, D. (2009). US GAAP and IFRS convergence in the area of revenue recognition. Economics and Management, (14), 12-19. Deegan, C. (2012). Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Kothari, S. P., Ramanna, K., Skinner, D. J. (2010). Implications for GAAP from an analysis of positive research in accounting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2), 246-286. Schrand, C. M., Zechman, S. L. (2012). Executive overconfidence and the slippery slope to financial misreporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53(1), 311-329

Managing the Transition

Introduction Change in normally brought about by globalization and advancing technology, as the organizations try to fit in the competing market by attaining a market share and a competitive advantage. However, change may not be appreciated by employees, as some view it as a threat to their jobs due to the expectations that accompany change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employees find it hard to adapt to change especially when change is forced on them other than discussed with them. In addition, employees may resist change if it has unrealistic expectations and is threatening to their jobs. However, for change to be acceptable, it has to be healthy and has employees interest at heart, otherwise change may contribute to decrease in employee’s morale and performance (Houdmont and Leka, 2010 pp 125). Job demand should be realistic; otherwise, it may be a source of stress to the employees, which may also contribute to absenteeism. If your organization were planning a major change, such as a merger, what steps would be necessary to manage the transition? Change in an organization should be aimed at improving the organization’s performance and it should not be aimed at meeting a manager’s personal interests. According to Piederit (2000, pp 795), sometimes, opposition to change may be aimed at protecting the organization’s interests. When implementing change, for instance a merger, the managers should be able to communicate with the employees about this change before it is implemented. This way, employees will not acquire negative ideas about the change; instead, they will get to understand the importance of a merger to the organization. The management should engage the staff in the implementation; hence, they would be in a position to manage change. In addition, effective communication is important between the management and the staff regarding the change in mergers. A well-elaborated plan should be created, which should involve the employees, as they will be affected by this change. Even if the management may not consider the employees’ opinions in the final decision-making, it is important that the employees feel that their views are considered, hence avoiding resistance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management should also support employees with full support in regard to their opinions by ensuring that effective communication exists in both teams. In most cases, employees fear change due to its uncertainties, however, the managers may give room for employees’ views and establish forums in which employees can learn more on the proposed change. In this case, the management should be able to provide the employees with relevant information on the importance of mergers and how they will impact on the organization and the staff. According to Kerfoot (2005 pp 271), â€Å"effective change must be built on the foundation that is already in the organization; diffusion of changes are only effective when the seeds of change are planted in people throughout the organization.† Employees have to own the change first, hence adapting to it and being able to operate under a new change. In case an organization decides to merge with another organization for a profit making purpose, it should inform employees about the plan and the benefits to it. It is obvious that employees may fear the uncertainties of being part of another company or even leadership; however, if this idea is communicated well to the employees and they are allowed to air their views, it will be an easy task. Piederit (2000, pp 786) proposes multi-dimensional attitudes as responses to organizational changes in employees, which portray both emotions and feelings that could either be negative or positive regarding the proposed change. Conclusion Change in an organization proves to be necessary due to the technology advances and it may be of use to the organization; however, change is not always welcomed with open arms especially by employees, as they fear the uncertainties associated with it. It is however the duty of management to implement change effectively by also engaging employees in the implementation process, ensuring effective communication of the proposed change, and informing employees on the impacts of the change, for instance, rewards may be inclusive in the new change. Therefore, employees may learn to appreciate and embrace change, as it is also beneficial to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Houdmont, J. and Leka, S. (2010). Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research a nd Practice. NJ: John Wiley and Sons Publisher. Kerfoot, K. (2005). Leadership; the jonny apple seeds of organizational change. Web. Piderit, S. (2007). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. NY: Academy of management publisher. This essay on Managing the Transition was written and submitted by user Samson Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.