The Effects Of Stress On The Workplace - 1563 Words

Emotions in the workplace play a crucial role in how organizations communicate within and to the outside world. Emotional states in the workplace have strong influence on the outcomes and dictates behaviors and attitudes within organizations. Positive emotions help employees attain favorable outcomes including job enrichment, achievement and higher quality social context. There is smooth relationship in the workplace when there are positive emotions. Negative emotions on the other hand change the attitude of employees towards work. They become pessimists and unmotivated and this attitude negatively affect performance. Negative attitudes may cause employees not to achieve anything. The goal of the organizations therefore is to cultivate positive emotions in the workplace. Negative emotions should be replaced with positive ones. Negative emotions are actually caused by workplace stress. In fact workplace stress is the mother of all negative emotions. It is the source of conflict and b urnout. Dealing with workplace stress is therefore a way to cultivate positive emotions in the workplace. The effects of stress in the workplace Stress disrupts the capability of workers to render quality service to the community. Health and stress are related. Stress has an adverse effect on the wellbeing of an individual. Stress can negatively affect the mental, social and physical wellbeing of a person. Stress reduces the attention span of a person, making him incapable of rational judgmentShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The Workplace1472 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Work stress is one of the oldest issues in organizational psychology and is considered one of the most severe occupational injuries in modern society† (Chou, Chu, Yeh, Chen, 2014, p. 115). Overcoming this severe issue of workplace stress is an important topic to discuss. It is defined as the events or circumstances that cause strain to an employee, which can result in physical, mental, and emotional consequences (Dextras-Gauthier, Marchand, Haines, 2012; Nà ¤gel, Sonnentag, Kà ¼hnelRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace1398 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Stress is the body’s response to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental and emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life.†(WebMD UK) Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure. Pressure turns into stress when one feels unable to cope. For workers everywhere, the economy may feel like an emo tional roller coaster. Layoffs and budget cuts are common in the workplace, and the result is increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress At A Workplace1503 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay examines the impact of stress at a workplace. Stress has turned into a swarming highlight of individuals life in cutting edge world. The present day world which is said to be a universe of accomplishments is additionally a universe of stress. Stress is all over, whether it is in the family, business association, venture, organization or some other social or monetary movement. Right from conception till death, an individual is perpetually presented to different unpleasant circumstancesRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2472 Words   |  10 PagesThe word stress is defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. The world is full of endless opportunities; we are allowed to pursue anything in life through hard work. This i s something that is emphasized early in life through school. Generally not everyone is informed of the stresses of certain routes chosen in life through occupations. There is now ways to find out how stressful jobs are. Schools are providing classes requiredRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2212 Words   |  9 Pagesand demands. Stress isn’t always bad, many times it can help people while they are performing under pressure since it will motivate them to do their best. Scientists use the term stress to refer to any force that impairs the balance of bodily functions. From this definition, the definition of job stress was formed. Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the needs of the worker. When stress begins to becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace Stress1387 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace stress comes in endless types of reactions and is different from employee to employee. According to Hitt, Miller, Colella in Organizational Behavior, stress is a feeling of tension that occurs when a person perceives that a situation is about to exceed her ability to cope and consequently could endanger their well-being. Job stress is the feeling that one’s capabilities, resources, or needs to not match the demands or requirements of the job. In today’s world everybody deals with some sortRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2214 Words   |  9 PagesStress is the body’s reaction to a mental/emotional strain subsequently from favourable or unfavourable conditions. â€Å"Workplace stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee.† (Nonprofitrisk.org, 2014). Stress is becoming an emerging issue within businesses and organisations as it causes damages such as sickness absenteeism, poor efficiency and more if not managedRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The United Kingdom Courts8122 Words   |  33 PagesThis study examined workplace stress in a random sample of litigated cases heard in the United Kingdom courts. The majority of claims related to clinical depression. The alleged causes of workplace stress most commonly cited in litigation included: excessive workload, followed by poor management practices, organisational, economic or technical change, aggressive management style, and bullying by co-workers. The presence of effective workplace stress management policies were important interventionsRead MoreThe Problems, Effects, and Solutions to Workplace Stress for Holland’s Automotive Repair2132 Words   |  9 Pagesexamines the problems, effects, and solutions to workplace stress. In addition, I will explain risk assessment, management, and prevention. Finally, I will review coping strategies for workplace stress. Holland’s Automotive Repair has seventy-seven people of a wide diverse nature. Internal research shows many employees are suffering from workplace stress. External research focuses on several studies, models, and theories of workplace stress effects. Workplace stress causes problems such asRead MoreEssay on Stress In The Workplace532 Words   |  3 Pagesaffects that stress can have on an employees performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympathetic

The Contributions Of Immigrants From The American Economy

The Contributions of Immigrants to the American Economy The United states is made up of immigrant from different religious, social, cultural and economic background around the world.In the big cities like New york and Los Angeles, there is a higher percentage of immigrant who are all making a massive impact on the American economy. Today, the issue of Immigration has become a major topic of discussion in America. The immigrants populace contribute a greater share of the total American population. As the year goes by, the percentage of Immigrants keeps on increasing by a higher margin of growth. . â€Å"The United state immigrant population was 38,517,234, or 12.5 percent of the total U.S. population. The number of foreign born living in the United States increased by 1.5 percent (about 556,000 people) between 2008 and 2009† ( The Census Bureau s 2009 American Community Survey,). This shows how the growth margin of immigrants in America keeps on increasing each and everyday. However, can we then ask ourselves about what contribution immigrants make on the American economy? The existence of immigrants in the United states has led to a massive development of our culture, economy, technology and our education. The first to talk about is Culture: In the issue of culture, immigrants play a significant role of bringing diversities to the American culture. Though immigrants may not have all the creative skills and the artistic skill for developing the American culture, their impact onShow MoreRelatedA Nation Of Immigrants By John F. Kennedy1262 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate, The American journey in terms of jobs and economic progress has been positively affected by the contribution of legal immigrants. Immigrants have strengthened the United states by boosting the revenue of American businesses and raising the job opportunities for American workers. The contribution of immigrants strengthening the U.S economy has led the nation to favor immigration, that is if the process of citizenship is done correctly and legally. In the book â€Å"A Nation of Immigrants† by JohnRead MoreThe Influx of the Illegal Immigrants to the Unite States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe influx of the illegal immigra nts over the past decade has become more noticeable issue in the United States. Some consider the illegal immigrants are the real social and financial burden for the U.S. and demand strict resolute policies to be implemented for them. Others state that in case of deportation of the undocumented immigrants, such as farm workers or specialists in construction and hospitality spheres, there will appear a huge labor shortage with the following economic fall-out. The followingRead MoreHow Skilled Immigrant Entrepreneurs Are Beneficial?1510 Words   |  7 Pagesseems that skilled immigrants is one group that has been overlooked. In large part, this particular group is becoming more prominent due to the fact that many are becoming entrepreneurs, especially in the Silicon Valley. Thus, I am interested in finding out how skilled immigrant entrepreneurs are beneficial in numerous aspects such as economic growth, innovation, public policy and societal changes. Moreover, I want to explore wha t challenges and opportunities these immigrants face and how theirRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1418 Words   |  6 PagesAn illegal immigrant, who works for their keep in an unknown country, contributes to taxes, stays out of trouble, and just wants a better life in a foreign country, on unknown land should be recognized for their contribution to that particular society. An illegal immigrant is a person who migrates to a different country in a way that is in violation of the immigrant laws of that country. Immigration has been a divided topic for many years in America- illegal immigrants are sometimes seen as a burdenRead MoreImmigration And The United States1177 Words   |  5 PagesThen, immigrants must fill out the official naturalization application called the N400 form. Within this form, there are several questions asking about the immigrant’s life, family, employment, and criminal background. After completion, immigrants must send in the N400 form with a passport and application fee. Next, the immigrant has to have his or her fingerprints taken and participate in an interview. If the application is approved, the immigrant will then take the Oath of Allegiance to the UnitedRead MoreEssay Granting Illegal Immigrants Citizenship 1247 Words   |  5 PagesAn illegal immigrant, who works for their keep in an unknown country, contributes to taxes, stays out of trouble, and just wants a better life in a foreign country, on unknown land should be recognized for their contribution to that particular society. An illegal immigrant is a person who migrates to a different country in a way that is in violation of the immigrant laws of that country. Immigration has been a divided topic for many years in America- illegal immigrants are sometimes seen as a burdenRead MoreImmigration Reform And The Immigration Boom Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages Since you went to sleep, we had what you could call an immigration boom. Now in your old town we have people from many parts of the world. What you see here is the result of immigration reforms, which helps boost the economy, cre ate diversity, and cause cultural enrichment.† RIP if I may call you RIP let me tell you about what immigration is, better yet, let me tell you about immigrants. At the time you were living in your farm, and your prolonged nap several things had happened. For instance, thereRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration1603 Words   |  7 Pageslegally admitted immigrants, however today illegal immigration is a controversial topic. Despite the illegal status, millions of men and women work and contribute to local, state and national economies. An accepted idea is that most of the illegal immigrants cross the Mexico-US border, therefore most of the illegal immigrants should be Mexicans or from South America. Is this true? Are there official numbers confirming this impression? Another relevant question is if the illegal immigrants leave theirRead More Immigration into the US Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States are either immigrants or their descendants, concerns with immigrants and immigration policies have confronted the nation throughout history. This is due mostly because the nation promotes freedom and democracy. There are also unlimited economic opportunities to improve the material circumstances of peoples’ lives. While foreigners are coming into this country, the political view and public surroundings are changing drastically looking harmful for American culture and society. DavidRead MoreMy Company Is One Of The Largest Agricultural Producers1250 Words   |  5 Pagessatisfy the economical and expeditious harvest of the seasonal crops. This labor force combined equals almost 25 thousand men and women. The large majority of the work force hired are documented immigrants and are eligible for work in the United States. There is a smaller portion that are undocumented immigrants. They have falsified their eligibility to hide their illegal status and to obtain work. In all the force my company employs 3900 to 4150 workers for a period of 9 weeks of the harvest season

Pop And Korean Pop Music Essay - 1511 Words

K-pop, short for Korean Pop Music, is a South Korean phenomenon that is starting to spread globally thanks to the internet. K-pop has become a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults throughout Asia, and has resulted in widespread simulation of fashion and style to be similar to Korean idol groups and singers. With this phenomenon comes something called the K-pop effect, which has led to new standards of beauty in South Korea. There is a rise in popularity of plastic surgery amongst, the youth in South Korea and it looks like the fresh faces of the Korean music stars are fueling their obsession. One of the major stereotypes, or cognitive framework that influences the processing of cognitive information (Baron Branscombre, 2012), of the South Korean culture is that they are superficial and completely obsessed with their looks. I have even heard stories where parents give their children plastic surgery for graduation presents. The idea behind getting plastic surgery is to look more Western, but I believe that it s a little bit more close to home and it s shaping a new generation of Korean youth. Studies show that South Korea has the highest rate of cosmetic procedures per capita in the entire world. The number of South Korean women who have had some kind of cosmetic procedure is at 1 in 5, compared to American which is 1 in 20. The city of Gangnam is known as the beauty belt, it is a suburb with hundreds of plastic surgery clinics and pretty much nothing else,Show MoreRelatedKorean Pop Music And Its Effects1979 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past 4-5 years I have listened to Korean pop music as my main source of music. Over this time, a lot of changes have happened in the Kpop community but the most outstanding change was how much more popular Korean music has become worldwide. Kpop has been around since the 90’s but has recently become much more popular globally with thanks to the internet and social media. Globalisation and its effects have been amplified extremely by the Internet which has facilitated communications betweenRead MoreGlobalization Strategy Of The Kore an Pop Music9775 Words   |  40 Pageshybridisation has been applied by Korean music labels in marketing their music products overseas. This has been viewed by many marketers and scholars as one of the key reasons that promotes overseas popularity of Korean pop music (K-pop). Inspired by the hybridisation strategy of cultural products and successful applications of CT in K-pop, this paper looks into hybridisation in music products in a value chain approach. This would be the first attempt to discuss hybridisation in music products along value chainRead MorePinoy Youth’s Preference for Kpop (Korean Pop) Music: How Does It Affect Their Taste for Opm (Original Pilipino Music)?4877 Words   |  20 PagesKPOP (Korean Pop) music: How does it affect their taste for OPM (Original Pilipino Music)? CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This particular research study aims to determine the Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). Regarding this, the researchers will seek to know whether factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers’ preference towards Original Pilipino Music In additionRead MoreMy Life Of K Pop Music1501 Words   |  7 PagesI-Search Essay If I am not studying nor have other plans, I spend most of my time listening to K-pop music. Sometimes I watch these K-pop celebrities†¯on reality TV†¯shows, movies, Korean TV†¯dramas, and even their live performances on YouTube or a live streaming app. I ve been listening to K-pop for more than five years. Soon I began to accumulate knowledge about Korean culture,†¯entertainment, and music industry. I was always intrigued by other Asian cultures such as Chinese and Japanese since I thoughtRead MorePop Music And Its Impact On South Korea Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesK-pop is a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Although it comprises all genres of â€Å"popular music† within South Korea, the term is more often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music covering a wide range of styles including dance-pop, pop ballad, electronic, rock, metal, hip-pop mus ic and RB. K-pop gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, and spreading to whole Asia and World, viaRead MoreMusic Videos : The Video, You And I, By F. N. B Pop Music1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe same token, visually stunning music videos also captured fans from across the globe. Korean pop music is known for having sophisticated and visually stimulating music videos. â€Å"K-pop musical content includes not only audio aspects but also visuals that flow† (KOCIS: K-pop 44-45). Entertainment companies spend thousands of dollars in producing a music video with intricate concept themes, computer-generated (CG) effects, and colorful background. Watching K-pop music videos is like watching a dramaRead MorePopular Music or K-Pop in South Korea1272 Words   |  5 PagesSouth Korean popular music (shortly known as K-Pop) and its music videos are a worldwide phenomenon that effectively disseminates the Korean culture in different parts of the world. So, what is a K-Pop? The K-Pop is a musical genre that integrates a variety of music styles, such as hip-hop, RB, jazz, rap, and etc. In addition, K-Pop music video is an audiovisual element that consists not only the variety of musical styles, but also the stunning physical attributes of the singers as well. AlmostRead MoreKorean Wave And Its Effect On The Korean Culture996 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The Korean Wave also known as Hallyu first appeared during the mid 1990’s. Korean Wave simply means the rising of popularity of the Korean culture (Lee, 2011). This Korean Wave was an example of a ripple effect meaning it is continuing to spread. K-Pop is an abbreviation of Korean pop, which has different music genres incorporated into one. K-pop includes hip-hop, electronic, rock and R’n’B music that has originated from South Korea. Korean pop music began to gain its popularity amongRead MoreThe Korean Wave And Korean Culture980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Korean wave. We chose to do our project on the Korean Wave because we wanted to learn about Korean Culture and why the Korean Wave was rising in popularity. What is the Korean Wave and why is is increasing in popularity? The Korean wave is about the increasing popularity of South Korean Culture around the world that started in 1997. The Korean wave started with the spread of Korean dramas across east, south and Southeast Asia and later became a global phenomenon after the creation of K-Pop mu sicRead MoreKpop Influence Essay587 Words   |  3 PagesThe Korean pop music, commonly referred to as K-pop (it being an abbreviation of the term Korean pop), has actually become a greater part of the Korean pop. The K-pops popularity has been notably attributed to individualism and also talent. It is also worth noting that the music has been having a wide diversity through the collaboration with different musicians. K-pop has been however termed as being widely manufactured. In the recent years, the Korean entertainment companies are now heavily depending

Contractors Developing Lethal Cyber Weapons

Question: Discuss about the Contractors Developing Lethal Cyber Weapons. Answer: Introduction Most of todays headlines are dominated by the use and misuse of information and communication technology. Furthermore, considering the fact that computers, as well as other communication technologies, have made their way into all aspects of life makes ICT an integral component of todays life. ICT involvement has also led to a great dependence on it which in itself raises some questions on this over reliance (Mishra, 2015). Nevertheless, it's now common to hear of government systems losing data or even an official government member who uses police data to spy on the general population. In other cases, a private company may be charged with selling underage information via the internet (EIEx, 2016). All these issues among many others are caused by ICT or related to the field. This paper will highlight ethical concerns and analyze it using the four classical ethical theories Lethal Cyber Weapons In 2016, an upcoming, nearly half a billion dollar contract was developed by the US military, a contract that aims to develop a next generation computer code capable of killing enemy combaters or adversaries. Furthermore, the said technology is set to be deployed as soon as its complete having the necessary tools to spy, retrieve information and execute it set mandate (Nextgov, 2016). In this new system, the U.S. troops would be able to launch logical bombs, unlike the traditional bombs that target an enemys vulnerable/critical infrastructure. The new bombs would have extensive capabilities to site vulnerabilities and hit targets with the utmost accuracy. In essence, this signals the arrival of lethal cyber weapons, a highly controversial topic filled with many ethical dilemmas. Analysis using the four classical ethical theories Several schools of ethic exist including utilitarianism, deontology, virtue and contract, lets analyze this case study in terms of these theories. Utilitarianism focuses on a pragmatic approach where the said technology is seen to harm the society other than benefit it. However, even without deriving the ethical concerns with the U.S. cyberweapons, cyber-attacks are with themselves problematic as they violet all frameworks of ethic be it social, moral or even technological (Rowe, 2009). The proposed lethal weapons would have to use cyber technological to gain an advantage over combaters, however, cyber attackers including those done by governments can use the privileges held to access and destroy legitimate infrastructures owned by innocent civilians. In addition to this, consider the current negative effects of cyber-crime and terrorism e.g. botnets that enslave peoples computers to phish information thus generate illegal money (Bailey et al 2009). The same technology is now set to control weapons of mass destruction, a foreseeable negative outcome is clearly imminent. Furthermore, lethal cyber weapons are only an extension of war itself, therefore a clear negative outcome can be clearly illustrated regardless of the measures used to safeguard the technology. Another ethical concern relates to how people use the technology, the duty held by them regardless of the consequences, i.e. deontological ethics. This said, lethal cyber weapons are a danger irrespective of where or when they are used, which means, outstanding the consequences (eliminating the enemy or innocent civilians) they are morally wrong. U.S. proposed cyber weapons are in themselves a wrong action, developing them is wrong as perceived by deontologists. To them, a person can only do the right thing if its morally upright. On the other hand, consider criminal perpetrators who attack innocent civilians, now, is the government right in developing the lethal weapons to safeguard their own citizens? Yes, but with little legislation and with the thin line that exists between doing justice and infringing on peoples right, presents the true deontological ethical dilemma (Dipert, 2010). Lethal cyber technology owned by the military can only meet their original moral mandate if all the frameworks of virtue ethics are employed. This calls for professional ideals presented by the military virtues for instance courage, honor, and even compassion. Such virtues are the only way a society can distinguish between the legitimate use of military actions such as the lethal cyber weapons proposed (Vallor, 2013). Furthermore, unlike other ethical issues that may call for policies or even governance, virtues are more of a personal endeavor held by an individual. However, with automated systems that are highly characterized by cyber systems military, virtues are lost. In our case study, the deskilling of these virtues remains the highest risk of implementing cyber weapons as all virtues and ethical responsibilities are completely lost or lowly maintained. As a solution, all lethal cyber weapons should remain within the military jurisdiction maintained by proper military virtues, b ut this is dependent on training and personal moral responsibility. Finally, as seen in the post, new technologies and developments bring with them a new set of rules, these rules or policies govern their capabilities and the extent of their use. Contractarianism (contract theory) holds both political and moral theory in authorizing certain actions. In simple terms, cyber technology ethical concerns are met through legal policies (Stanford, 2012). Technically, little has been done to develop the appropriate policies and rules that govern the technology. Moreover, the current policies refer to cyber-attacks as attacks on digital media or information, therefore a policy vacuum is in existence (Bok, 1986). To date, long discussion is in existence of incorporating chips to identify computers used to carry out cyber-attacks, however, this also infringes on privacy and secrecy requirements. Finally, considering the developers of cyber technologies are the same people who advise on the use and on the technical countermeasures presents a contractual ambiguit y because the set policies will be inclined to fit their bill (Pence Latiff, 2014). Therefore, independent bodies and not the developers and the users should set the necessary laws and policies that govern cyber technologies especially lethal cyber weapons. Recommendations In an ideal world, lethal cyber weapons would be abolished because they present considerable mass destructions opportunities. Moreover, cyber weapons have many negative effects on a society apart from mass destruction including infringing of peoples rights (privacy, identity, secrecy etc.). However, considering the attacks carried out by villains and terrorists, a counter action is needed. Furthermore, technology is ever changing and abolishing its component can never be a solution. In its place, the international community should develop laws and policies that safeguard on all components of cyber systems. In addition to this, these policies should be reviewed regularly and independently from those who use the extreme cyber technologies. These actions would fulfill the contractual ethical dilemma needed to govern the technology. Laws and policies are an integral part of a properly functioning society, however, without moral and virtues they stand to lose. Therefore, good moral and virtues are needed to properly use the cyber systems and the capabilities they pose. However, to guarantee success lethal cyber weapons like nuclear weapons should be held by a few, who again should meet the set contractual policies as set by independent bodies that have the will of the people at heart. References Bok, S. (1986). Secrets. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Charles Pence Robert Latiff. (2014). Ethics of Emerging Weapons Technologies. University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://charlespence.net/courses/phil20628-s2014/slides/lecture1.pdf Christopher Folk. (2015). U.S. Cyber Command Moves Towards Lethal Cyber Weapons. Cyber Security law and policy. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://blog.cybersecuritylaw.us/2015/11/05/u-s-cyber-command-moves-towards-lethal-cyber-weapons/ Denning, D. (1999). Information warfare and security. Boston: Addison-Wesley. EIEx. (2016). Ethical issues of emerging ICT applications. The magazine of the European innovation exchange. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/7pc/doc/1304928786_eiex06etica2.pdf Minati Mishra. (2016). Ethical, Legal and Social aspects of Information and Communication Technology. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1507/1507.08447.pdf Neil Rowe. (2007). Ethics of cyber war attacks. Cyber War and Cyber Terrorism. U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://faculty.nps.edu/ncrowe/attackethics.htm Nextgov. 2016. Pentagon contractors developing lethal cyber weapons. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2015/11/lethal-virtual-weapons-real/123417/ Randall Dipert. (2010). The Ethics of Cyber warfare. Journal of Military Ethics, 9(4), pp. 384-410. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://www3.nd.edu/~cpence/eewt/Dipert2010.pdf Stanford. (2012). Contractarianism. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractarianism/ Vallor Shannon. (2013). The future military virtue: Autonomous systems and the moral deskilling of the military. Santa Clara University. Retrieved 08 January, 2017, from: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001context=phi